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Review

Exosomes in Breast Cancer – Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Potential

Tiantong Liu, Jagmohan Hooda, Jennifer M. Atkinson, Theresa L. Whiteside, Steffi Oesterreich and Adrian V. Lee
Tiantong Liu
1Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
2School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Jagmohan Hooda
1Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
3Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Jennifer M. Atkinson
1Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
3Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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  • ORCID record for Jennifer M. Atkinson
Theresa L. Whiteside
4Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Steffi Oesterreich
1Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
3Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Adrian V. Lee
1Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
3Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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  • For correspondence: leeav@upmc.edu
DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0952
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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membrane vesicles comprising apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and small EVs also called as exosomes. Exosomes when initially identified were considered as a waste product but the advancement in research techniques have provided insight into the important roles of exosomes in cell–cell communication, various biological processes and diseases, including cancer. As an important component of EVs, exosomes contain various biomolecules such as miRNAs, lipids, and proteins that largely reflect the characteristics of their parent cells. Notably, cancer cells generate and secrete many more exosomes than normal cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that exosomes, as mediators of intercellular cross-talk, play a role in tumorigenesis, cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment (TME) formation, and cancer metastasis. As we gain more insights into the association between exosomes and cancer, the potential of exosomes for clinical use is becoming more intriguing. This review is focused on the role of exosomes in breast cancer, in terms of breast cancer biology, mechanism of action, potential as biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.

Footnotes

  • Mol Cancer Res 2021;XX:XX–XX

  • Received October 29, 2020.
  • Revision received January 4, 2021.
  • Accepted February 19, 2021.
  • Published first February 24, 2021.
  • ©2021 American Association for Cancer Research.

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This OnlineFirst version was published on April 16, 2021
doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0952

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Exosomes in Breast Cancer – Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Potential
Tiantong Liu, Jagmohan Hooda, Jennifer M. Atkinson, Theresa L. Whiteside, Steffi Oesterreich and Adrian V. Lee
Mol Cancer Res April 16 2021 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0952

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Exosomes in Breast Cancer – Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Potential
Tiantong Liu, Jagmohan Hooda, Jennifer M. Atkinson, Theresa L. Whiteside, Steffi Oesterreich and Adrian V. Lee
Mol Cancer Res April 16 2021 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0952
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Molecular Cancer Research
eISSN: 1557-3125
ISSN: 1541-7786

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