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Cancer Genes and Genomics

Protein Expression Profiling Identifies Cyclophilin A as a Molecular Target in Fhit-Mediated Tumor Suppression

Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Requests for reprints: Kay Huebner, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Room 455C, Wiseman Hall, 410 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Phone: 614-292-4850; Fax: 614-292-3312. E-mail: kay.huebner{at}osumc.edu

Loss of fragile histidine triad (Fhit) expression is often associated with human malignancies, and Fhit functions as a tumor suppressor in controlling cell growth and apoptosis, although specific signal pathways are still undefined. We have used a proteomic approach to define proteins in the Fhit-mediated tumor suppression pathway. Because substitution of Tyr¹¹⁴ (Y114) with phenylalanine (Y114F) diminishes Fhit functions, we did protein expression profiling to identify proteins differentially expressed in Fhit-negative H1299 lung cancer cells infected with wild-type (Ad-FHIT-wt) and Y114 mutant FHIT-expressing (Ad-FHIT-Y114F) adenoviruses. Among 12 distinct proteins that exhibited 4-fold differences in expression on comparison of the two infected cell lysates, cyclophilin A, the intracellular reporter of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A, showed a remarkably decreased protein level in cells infected with Ad-FHIT-wt versus Ad-FHIT-Y114F. Conversely, loss of Fhit expression resulted in increased cyclophilin A expression in mouse tissues and cell lines. Restoration of Fhit expression led to down-regulated cyclophilin A protein expression and subsequently prevented cyclophilin A–induced up-regulation of cyclin D1, Cdk4, and resultant cell cycle progression (G₁-S transition), which was independent of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase inhibitor, KN-93. Interestingly, Fhit down-modulation of phosphatase activity of calcineurin, which controls cyclin D1/Cdk4 activation, was reversed by cyclophilin A treatment in a concentration-dependent manner, a reversal that was inhibited by additional cyclosporine A treatment. Thus, cyclophilin A is a downstream target in Fhit-mediated cessation of cell cycle progression at late G₁ phase. Elucidation of the protein effectors of Fhit signaling may lead to identification of targets for lung cancer therapy. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(8):529–38)