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Subject Review

Genetic and Expression Aberrations of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Human Breast Cancer

¹ The Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York and ² Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Requests for reprints: Ceshi Chen, The Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208. Phone: 518-262-2936; Fax: 518-262-3065. E-mail: chenc{at}mail.amc.edu

Abstract

Recent studies revealed that E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in breast carcinogenesis. Clinical research studies have found that (epi)-genetic (deletion, amplification, mutation, and promoter methylation) and expression aberration of E3s are frequent in human breast cancer. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that many E3s are either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of E3s, which have genetic and/or expression aberration in breast cancer. Most cancer-related E3s regulate the cell cycle, p53, transcription, DNA repair, cell signaling, or apoptosis. An understanding of the oncogenic potential of the E3s may facilitate identifying and developing individual E3s as diagnosis markers and drug targets in breast cancer. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(10):695–707)

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